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Tap water in North America is generally treated and monitored, but that doesn’t mean it’s free from contaminants. Depending on your location and plumbing system, your water may carry a variety of substances—from disinfectants and heavy metals to bacteria and synthetic chemicals—that can impact health and household appliances.
Understanding the most common water contaminants helps consumers make informed decisions about testing and filtration.
Heavy Metals
- Lead: Often from corroded household plumbing, especially in homes built before 1986.
- Arsenic and Mercury: Can occur naturally or result from industrial waste; long-term exposure is harmful.
Disinfectants and Byproducts
- Chlorine: Common in municipal systems to kill microbes, but may cause taste and odor issues.
- Chloramine: A more stable alternative to chlorine, but not always compatible with carbon filters.
- Trihalomethanes (THMs): Byproducts formed when chlorine reacts with organic matter—linked to health risks over time.
Microbiological Contaminants
- Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites: Risk factors in private wells or areas with water line breaches. Can cause gastrointestinal illnesses and require treatment via UV light or chemical disinfection.
Organic Pollutants
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Found in industrial runoff, gasoline, and household products.
- Pesticides and Herbicides: Agricultural runoff is a common source in rural areas.
- PFAS (“Forever Chemicals”): Widely used in industrial applications and firefighting foams. Resistant to natural breakdown and potentially linked to several health issues.
How to Protect Your Water
- Test regularly, especially if you’re on well water or notice a change in taste or appearance.
- Use certified filters appropriate for the specific contaminants in your region.
- Maintain plumbing systems to prevent metal leaching and biofilm buildup.
Conclusion
Even if your tap water looks and tastes fine, invisible contaminants could be present. A deeper understanding of what’s in your water empowers you to take meaningful steps—whether that’s conducting tests, investing in filtration, or both. Safe water is not just a utility—it’s a foundation for long-term health and well-being.
